The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) represents probably the most vital threats to international swine well being, inflicting appreciable financial losses. Though varied transmission routes are recognized, long-distance airborne transmission has traditionally been underestimated and stays a subject of debate.
Goal: This assessment goals to establish the peer-reviewed publications on long-distance airborne PRRSV transmission that meet the inclusion standards and summarize present data.
Strategies: A search was carried out within the PubMed database following the PRISMA methodology, ensuing within the choice of 28 related publications from the years 1997 to 2024, together with experimental research, medical case experiences, critiques, and simulation fashions.
Outcomes: The outcomes present that the virus may be transmitted through aerosols over distances of as much as 9.1 km from the supply beneath favorable environmental circumstances. Components resembling temperature, relative humidity, wind, viral pressure virulence, aerosol particle dimension, topography, farm density, and the usage of air filtration techniques considerably affect this type of unfold. Moreover, documented circumstances help the speculation of airborne transmission between farms positioned as much as 6–8 km aside. At present, atmospheric dispersion fashions predict a theoretical danger of an infection at distances of as much as 25 km, notably in autumn and winter.
Conclusion: The obtainable proof helps that long-distance airborne transmission of PRRSV is feasible and needs to be thought-about in prevention and well being management methods, particularly in areas with excessive swine density, the place reinforcing biosecurity measures is essential.
