Since 1983, the Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine: Feedstuff Composition and Dietary Necessities have supplied information on the principle feedstuffs utilized in feeding, their fundamental elements, dietary values, standardized ileal digestible amino acid values, and ideas for ingredient inclusion ranges. They replace development curves and dietary necessities of animals in response to class, stage of growth, and manufacturing goal, contemplating that steady genetic enchancment interferes with weight achieve charges, nutrient use effectivity, and distribution of proteins and physique fat.
The target of those articles, divided into two components, can be to point out in a simplified method the premise for updating the dietary necessities of vitality and amino acids for rising pigs in TBAS 2024 (Rostano et al. 2024) and the significance of utilizing the introduced fashions that may be utilized to programs at completely different manufacturing ranges.
Vitality and nutrient necessities for rising pigs
For rising pigs, the premise of TBAS 2024 (Hannas et al 2024) begins with figuring out development curves for castrated males, females from beginning to ending, total males from beginning to 100 kg stay weight, and immunocastrated males from 100 to 140 kg stay weight, in addition to establishing vitality necessities, digestible lysine, amino acid composition in preferrred proteins, important fatty acids, macrominerals, microminerals, and nutritional vitamins.
The primary vitality and digestible lysine necessities have been decided utilizing factorial fashions that contemplate their upkeep and manufacturing necessities, thus incorporating experimental dose-response trials.
Metabolizable vitality necessities
Figuring out the vitality requirement for upkeep ensures that, when met, the animal is in an vitality steadiness of zero, which means it’s in a situation the place there is no such thing as a enhance or lower in physique vitality. It’s established based mostly on the typical metabolic physique weight of the animal in that part.
Vitality necessities for manufacturing have been established based mostly on the animal’s common physique weight and the animal’s price of weight achieve within the manufacturing part. On this situation, equations have been established for castrated males, females, total males, and immunocastrated males.
For total and subsequently immunocastrated males, completely different equations for predicting vitality necessities have to be utilized since when these animals obtain the second dose of the immunocastration vaccine, there’s a change in consumption conduct and dietary necessities, which means a change within the response of those differentiated animals.
For the equations to be relevant in day-to-day manufacturing programs, the equations used to estimate metabolizable vitality necessities (Desk 1) solely require stay weight data on the preliminary and ultimate ages of the part to find out the typical stay weight and price of weight achieve of the animals anticipated for the part. These information may be obtained straight from the genetics utilized in manufacturing or from information from the manufacturing programs themselves.
Desk 1. Metabolizable vitality requirement in kcal/day for rising pigs
| Equations for estimating ME necessities | |
|---|---|
| Excessive-performance animals | |
| Castrated male pigs | ME = (106 W0.75) + (2069.2 + 69.777 W – 0.2184 W2) G |
| Feminine pigs | ME = (106 W0.75) + (2129.3 + 58.311 W – 0.1701 W2) G |
| Total male pigs (as much as 105 kg weight) | ME = (106 W0.75) + (1782.4+ 71.426 W – 0.4552 W2) G |
| Immunocastrated male pigs (105 to 155 kg)1 | ME = (106 W0.75) + 5876.5 G |
| Medium-performance animals | |
| Feminine pigs with common efficiency1 | ME = ((106 W0.75) + (2129.3 + 58.311 W – 0.1701 W2) G) 1.03 |
| Castrated male pigs – common1 | ME = ((106 W0.75) + (2069.2 + 69.777 W – 0.2184 W2) G) 1.03 |
1Contemplating the typical pig efficiency is 3% much less environment friendly, W: Common weight, G: Common weight achieve.
As defined by the authors, for male castrated pigs and feminine pigs with common efficiency,the equation to estimate the every day metabolizable vitality requirement was adjusted 3% increased because of the elevated manufacturing, administration, environmental, and well being challenges in these manufacturing programs.
The goal feed consumption for pigs may be estimated by contemplating the connection between their metabolizable vitality (ME) requirement in kcal/day and the ME stage within the food plan. To do that, the nutritionist should formulate the food plan inside sure ME limits, considering the composition of the components to keep away from unfavorable impacts on consumption. As well as, it’s important to think about the feed conversion goal when setting these parameters.
Tables 2, 3, and 4 present a abstract of the ME necessities, dietary ME worth, and anticipated feed consumption for sows, castrated males, and full and immunocastrated high-performance pigs. It must be talked about that when utilizing completely different concentrations of diets, the anticipated feed consumption will change, requiring changes within the focus of different vitamins.
Utilizing the equations and parameters of stay weight and weight achieve, it’s potential to estimate the vitality necessities of animals in numerous situations, thus making it potential to customise feeding packages in response to the truth of manufacturing and its traits.
Desk 2. ME necessities and feed consumption of sows with excessive genetic potential and superior efficiency.
| Age (days) | Weight (kg) | Achieve (kg/day) | ME Requirement (kcal/day) | Feed consumption (kg)1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 63 | 26.65 | 0.643 | 3530 | 1.054 |
| 91 | 49.11 | 0.889 | 6043 | 1.804 |
| 119 | 76.93 | 1.041 | 9144 | 2.730 |
| 147 | 106.96 | 1.077 | 10442 | 3.117 |
| 175 | 136.24 | 1.017 | 11264 | 3.362 |
1Diets containing 3350 kcal/kg ME from 49 to 182 days of age. Tailored (Hannas et al. 2024)
Desk 3. ME necessities and feed consumption of castrated male pigs with excessive genetic potential and superior efficiency.
| Age (days) | Weight (kg) | Achieve (kg/day) | ME Requirement (kcal/day) | Feed consumption (kg)1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 63 | 27.07 | 0.692 | 3887 | 1.160 |
| 91 | 51.51 | 0.970 | 6971 | 2.081 |
| 119 | 81.89 | 1.124 | 9976 | 2.978 |
| 147 | 113.68 | 1.137 | 11852 | 3.538 |
| 175 | 144.04 | 1.043 | 12320 | 3.678 |
1Diets containing 3350 kcal/kg ME from 49 to 182 days of age. Tailored (Hannas et al. 2024)
Desk 4. ME and feed consumption necessities of total and immunocastrated male pigs with excessive genetic potential and superior efficiency.
| Age (days) | Weight (kg) | Achieve (kg/day) | ME Requirement (kcal/day) | Feed consumption (kg)1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 63 | 25.83 | 0.623 | 3284 | 0.995 |
| 91 | 48.62 | 0.928 | 5827 | 2.081 |
| 119 | 79.40 | 1.194 | 8292 | 2.513 |
| 147 | 116.17 | 1.372 | 9152 | 2.816 |
| 175 | 156.06 | 1.444 | 13163 | 4.050 |
1Diets containing 3250 kcal/kg ME from 49 to 182 days of age. Tailored (Hannas et al.2024)
